Sains Malaysiana 52(11)(2023): 3147-3162

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-10

Optimization of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Anthocyanin Extraction Parameter by Response Surface Modeling and Potential of Roselle Agro-Waste as Alternative Sources of Anthocyanin

(Pengoptimuman Parameter Pengekstrakan Antosianin Rosel (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) Mengikut Pemodelan Permukaan Tindak Balas dan Potensi Sisa Agro Rosel sebagai Punca Alternatif Antosianin)

NURUL NADIAH ABU BAKAR¹, JALIFAH LATIP¹, SYAIFUZAH SAPIAN² & ROZIDA MOHD KHALID^1,*

¹Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 8 June 2023/Accepted: 24 October 2023

Abstract

Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. is a perennial plant with a high concentration of anthocyanin in the calyx. This study optimized the extraction conditions for maximum anthocyanin yield in the calyx using response surface methodology (RSM) and face-centered central composite design (FCCCD), which showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method with 70% ethanol concentration (v/v) at 35 minutes had the highest total anthocyanin content (TAC) which at 5.277 mg Cya3G/g DW. Using this optimised extraction method, roselle agro-waste which are calyx residue, leaf and stem were extracted and tested for TAC. The highest TAC was found in the calyx residue (3.011 mg Cya3G/g DW), followed by stems (0.077 mg Cya3G/g DW), and leaves (0.073 mg Cya3G/g DW). This study also quantified the concentration of two major anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of calyx and calyx residue extracts. Our findings showed that the TAC of calyx residue extracts was significantly low compared to calyx extracts. However, there were no significant differences in the TPC and TFC values. These results suggest that calyx residue, which is typically discarded after processing of calyx products, is a good source of phenolics and flavonoids and compatible with fresh calyx. In addition, calyx residues are still a good source of anthocyanins, making it an added-value for the roselle industry.

Keyword: Anthocyanins; face-centered central composite design; HPLC; Response Surface Methodology; roselle

Abstrak

Rosel atau Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. ialah sejenis tumbuhan berumur panjang yang mengandungi kepekatan tinggi antosianin di kaliksnya. Kajian ini mengoptimumkan keadaan pengekstrakan bagi mendapatkan hasil antosianin maksimum di kaliks menggunakan metodologi rangsangan permukaan (RSM) dan reka bentuk komposit berpusatkan muka (FCCCD) yang menunjukkan bahawa kaedah pengekstrakan dengan bantuan gelombang bunyi (UAE) menggunakan kepekatan etanol 70% (v/v) selama 35 minit mempunyai kandungan antosianin keseluruhan tertinggi (TAC) iaitu pada nilai 5.277 mg Cya3G/g BK. Dengan menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan yang telah dioptimumkan ini, sisa pertanian roselle seperti sisa kaliks, daun dan batang diekstrak dan diuji untuk TAC. TAC tertinggi ditemui dalam sisa kaliks (3.011 mg Cya3G/g BK), diikuti oleh batang (0.077 mg Cya3G/g BK) dan daun (0.073 mg Cya3G/g BK). Kajian ini juga mengkuantifikasi kepekatan dua jenis antosianin utama menggunakan kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi (HPLC) serta membandingkan kandungan fenol keseluruhan (TPC) dan kandungan flavonoid keseluruhan (TFC) antara ekstrak kaliks dan sisa kaliks. Hasil kajian kami menunjukkan bahawa TAC ekstrak sisa kaliks adalah jauh lebih rendah berbanding ekstrak kaliks. Namun begitu, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam nilai TPC dan TFC. Hasil ini mencadangkan bahawa sisa kaliks yang biasanya dibuang selepas proses penghasilan produk kaliks adalah sumber yang baik untuk fenol dan flavonoid, sejajar dengan kaliks segar. Selain itu, sisa kaliks masih merupakan sumber yang baik untuk antosianin dan menjadikannya tambahan nilai bagi industri rosel.

Kata kunci: Antosianin; HPLC; Metodologi Rangsangan Permukaan; reka bentuk komposit berpusatkan muka; rosel

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*Corresponding author; email: rozidakhalid@ukm.edu.my